Geological investigation is a field of study that focuses on understanding the Earth's structure, composition, and processes. This often involves conducting surveys, collecting samples, and analyzing data to determine the history of the Earth, its resources, and potential hazards. Geologists study rocks, minerals, fossils, and other geological features to gain insights into the planet's past and present conditions. This research area plays a crucial role in various industries such as mining, petroleum exploration, environmental protection, and land development.